查看完整版本: Mechanics of the Start 『出发技术』

Mechanics of the Start 『出发技术』

[color=Green][b]出发的技巧[/b][/color]

This week’s Speedo Tip of the Week is an excerpt from the May-June 2003 issue of Splash, in which Andrew Baer, a coach at Stingrays Swimming in Marietta Georgia, offers some advice on the start.
[color=Green][b]本周的Speedo小贴示出自Splash杂志2003年五－六月刊号中一位专家的文章。这位任教于乔治亚州（Marietta Georgia 美国的一个州）Stingrays Swimming游泳俱乐部的专家安德鲁·巴尔（Andrew Baer）给大家带来了一些关于游泳出发的指导意见。[/b][/color]


Baer’s Tip:
[color=Green][b]巴尔的小窍门儿：[/b][/color]

“The key to the start is to get off the blocks quickly, and with the proper technique, to maximize your speed and length of each start,” Baer said.
[color=Green][b]“出发动作的关键点在于运用正确得当的技术快速地跳离出发台（blocks），这样做能在每次出发时最大化你的速度和身长（—— ^_^ 跟增高无关）。”[/b][/color]

In teaching his swimmers starts, Baer works on reaction drills to help them get off the blocks faster, as well as the mechanics of the actual start.
[b][color=Green]在实际教学中，巴尔带领他的运动员们做反应训练（reaction drills）——这个训练能帮助运动员更快地跳离跳台，以及实战中的出发技巧练习。[/color][/b]

Baer conducts the reaction drills on dry land, and after his kids have the hang of it over the course of several days or a week, he moves them to the start itself.
[color=Green][b]巴尔指导他的学生们在陆地上做反应训练，经过几天或者一周左右的训练课后，他再带着学生们开始真正的（水中）出发练习。[/b][/color]

“Teaching your muscles to react quickly and practicing the proper technique are the key elements to a fast start,” he said. “Remembering that you can never emphasize the streamline enough is important as well.”
[color=Green][b]“对于出发动作来讲，训练你的肌肉作出快速反应,并且做出合理动作，是最为重要的关键点，”他介绍说，“时刻谨记你永远不能强调的流线体位相当到位也是一个关键点(——就是说在出发时要时刻谨记强调流线体位，这也是心理暗示，能提醒你更好地构建你的流线体位——俺的理解啦 ^_^)”[/b][/color]



Baer teaches his swimmers to concentrate on the following points while learning the start. The concepts are the same whether swimmers are using a conventional grab start or a track start:
[color=Green][b]巴尔（Baer）要求他的运动员在学习出发时注意以下若干条。这些概念是可以通用的，无论你是做反身抓壁出发动作（conventional grab start）或者是跳台出发动作（track start）。[/b][/color]

At the sound of the horn, use your arms to shift your weight forward. Explode outward and upward, lifting your head and arms in unison.
[color=Green][b]·当听到出发哨时，用手臂使身体的重心前移。向外、向上爆发用力（explode），将手臂与头部紧密和谐地抬起。[/b][/color]

Establish a streamline position with your arms quickly, and drop your chin between your arms.
[color=Green][b]·以快速移臂迅速构建流线体位，并将下巴置于双臂之间。[/b][/color]

Hold a tight streamline upon entry. “Your goal is to have your entire body travel through the small hole that your hands and arms create,” he said. Continue to hold that tight streamline throughout the dive.
[color=Green][b]·如水过程中保持紧绷的流线体位。“你的目的就是要让自己的整个身体穿过一个由你的双手和胳膊（在水面）制造的小水窟窿入水，”他说，“同样要在整个下潜的过程中持续地保持紧绷的流线体位。”[/b][/color]

Begin your kick. You can use a dolphin kick for either freestyle or butterfly, but for the start, remember to use a smaller, faster dolphin kick. “Remember,” Baer said, “you are moving faster than race pace, and the purpose of the streamline and kick are to maintain this speed (for as long as possible) up to 15 meters.”
[color=Green][b]·开始打腿。你可以在自由泳和蝶泳（入水后）打蝶泳腿，但在刚开始的时候，一定记住蝶泳腿要做到幅度小、速度快。“牢记，”巴尔（Baer）说，“（跳发入水后）你的前进速度要比你在正常的游进速度快，而保持流线体位以及打腿的目的也恰恰是要保持这种高速前进（越久越好）15米左右。”[/b][/color]

As you begin to lose your speed from the dive, switch to your traditional dolphin kick for butterfly, or flutter kick for freestyle.
[color=Green][b]·当你感觉到身体开始减速的时候，将小幅度且快速的蝶泳腿转换成（游蝶泳时）你正常的蝶泳踢腿、或者（游自由泳时）自由泳鞭状打腿。[/b][/color]

Be sure to begin your first arm stroke below the surface of the water. You want to have your hand(s) pass by your hip on the first stroke as your head breaks the surface of the water.
[color=Green][b]·保证你的出水前的第一次划臂要在水下开始。你要保证在你的头破水而出的时候，你的（双）手划过你的屁屁（——双臂为蝶泳时，单臂为自由泳）。[/b][/color]

Never breathe on your first stroke, except on back and breaststroke.
[color=Green][b]·除了仰泳和蛙泳，绝对不要在第一次划臂时呼吸。[/b][/color]

For breaststroke, you will be doing an underwater pullout. “The streamline position is even more critical in this dive,” Baer said. “Be sure to finish your kick and know how deep you are, so that you will surface upon the completion of your pullout.”
[b][color=Green]·蛙泳时，你要做个水下的大划臂动作。“流线体位在这个大划臂的过程中更为重要，”巴尔（Baer）说，“要记得蹬一次蛙腿且要能感知身体的位置，这样才能保证你在完成大划臂后出水。”[/color][/b]



[color=Purple]PS[/color] 文章来源自USA Swimming 的官方网站[url]http://www.usaswimming.org/USASWeb/ViewMiscArticle.aspx?TabId=144&Alias=Rainbow&Lang=en&mid=196&ItemId=71[/url]
[color=Purple]PS[/color] 译文中的人名均为音译，如于官方译本有出入，还请不吝告知，我会修改。
[color=Purple]PS[/color] 如各位在疑问内容中察觉任何文法或者翻译错误，烦劳告知在下，我会尽快修改。希望这篇文章能对您游泳有所帮助。[color=white]

[[i] 本帖最后由 大块石头 于 2007-11-2 07:33 AM 编辑 [/i]]

Start   [url]http://www.51swim.com/mybbs/thread-17218-1-2.html[/url]

大块石头真好，赞一个，嘿嘿

[quote]
Establish a streamline position with your arms quickly, and drop your chin between your arms.
·以快速移臂迅速构建流线体位，并将下巴置于双臂之间。[/quote]

这就是老旱口决中说的[b]“入水隐头，拢臂藏肩”[/b]

完成大划臂后怎么可以出水?

好的出发，对成绩至关重要！心理暗示，在游泳中起到不小的作用。

持续地保持紧绷的流线体位，让身体[color=Navy]穿过由你双手和胳膊制造的水窟窿入水[/color]，就是运动心理上的暗示。水，会激发你的想象力……慢慢享受吧。

好文，顶一个！
2016说得好，心理暗示，起的作用固然大，可在我看来，这个作用还有享受的一面-----就算游得不怎么样，可以鼓励自己，以为不错了，也可以怡然自乐！
当然了，这里有这么多高手，万万不可只是以为自己已经很好而固步自封！享受归享受，进步归进步！

[[i] 本帖最后由 crime222 于 2007-11-1 12:37 AM 编辑 [/i]]

一边进步一边享受，嘿，享受不等于盲目乐观呀，享受进步的快乐嘛，两者并不是对立的矛盾。

"除了蛙泳和仰泳,绝对不要在第一次划臂时呼吸."

因为，蛙泳、仰泳是在第一次划臂时就呼吸的。呵呵，（……都知道）

[quote]原帖由 [i]2016[/i] 于 2007-10-30 09:43 PM 发表
因为，蛙泳、仰泳是在第一次划臂时就呼吸的。呵呵，（……都知道） [/quote]
有不少人,在自由泳蝶泳第一个动作时换气.这样游,欠地道.

[quote]原帖由 [i]johnwu68[/i] 于 2007-10-31 01:21 PM 发表

有不少人,在自由泳蝶泳第一个动作时换气.这样游,欠地道. [/quote]

:L   我就是一个。可没有办法，气不够长！或者呼吸不足吧。

对运动员来说,呼吸技术是个重要课题.

对普通人,则另当别论了. :)

[quote]原帖由 [i]johnwu68[/i] 于 2007-10-31 01:21 PM 发表

有不少人,在自由泳蝶泳第一个动作时换气.这样游,欠地道. [/quote]

嗯，不说不知道，也没留意，知道之后就得注意。

谢谢版主老师。

[quote]原帖由 [i]crime222[/i] 于 2007-11-1 12:39 AM 发表


:L   我就是一个。可没有办法，气不够长！或者呼吸不足吧。 [/quote]
通过不断地练习,肺活量和呼吸控制能力都会得到逐步提高!:victory:

对，叫做“呼吸控制能力”，现在要找的就是这感觉。

Developing Underwater Swimming Skills 『强化水下游进技术』

This week’s Speedo Tip of the Week comes from Patty Waldron, a coach with the Mecklenburg Aquatic Club in Charlotte, N.C. Waldron offers some advice on developing the "sixth stroke."
[color=Green][b]本周的Speedo小贴示是由一位来自美国北卡罗莱纳州夏洛特市的 Mecklenburg Aquatic Club 俱乐部的教练帕蒂·沃尔奘（Patty Waldron）提供的。沃尔奘（Waldron）为大家带来了关于提高“第六种泳姿”的建议。[/b][/color]

Waldron’s Tip:
Develop the "sixth stroke!" What is the "sixth stoke?" It's underwater swimming. In recent years, our greatest swimmers have become very good at underwater swimming. There is a huge percentage of your race that will be swum underwater – both off the start and off all the turns. The key is to time your kicks to maximize your speed off the wall as far as possible and into the actual swimming portion of your race.
[color=Green][b]沃尔奘（Waldron）的小窍门儿：
强化“第六中泳姿！”那么，什么是“第六中泳姿”呢？就是水下潜游（译者注：不是潜泳，详情见下文。）。近几年来，我们的出色选手均能良好地掌握这种水下游进的技术。在游泳竞赛中，我们很大部分时间是要做水下游进的——出发后以及每次转身后。关键一点就是要把握住，在离开池壁（出发或者转身蹬壁）后用最快的打腿来最大化蹬壁的加速，然后转换为竞赛泳姿并破水而出的时机。[/b][/color]

The key ingredients to fast underwater swimming are: 1) A tall, tight streamline... awesome body alignment, 2) an explosive jump off each and every wall, 3) an incredibly quick kick that starts as a tiny shimmer kick and builds into a race pace kick and 4) perfect timing of the breakout strokes.
[color=Green][b]快速水下游进的关键在于：第一，作出长而紧的流线体位以及出色的身体配合；第二，每次转身后的爆发蹬壁；第三，快速而小幅度的打腿，并渐渐改变成竞赛打腿频率；第四，完美的出水时机。[/b][/color]

Being good at underwater swimming needs to begin at the very onset of a swimmer's career, at least in terms of developing an appreciation and understanding of the skill, even if developmentally the swimmer can't quite execute. This skill, like anything else, will develop over time. Use the "sixth stroke" to your advantage!
[color=Green][b]很好地掌握水下游进技术是一位游泳运动员职业生涯的起点（译者注：也是竞技游泳的第一课。），起码来讲，即便一位游泳运动员未能熟练掌握水下游进技术，也要对这种技术做到充分理解。这门技术，同其他功课一样，是需要用时间来修炼的。用你的“第六种泳姿”助你游得更快更好！[/b][/color]




[color=Purple]PS[/color] 文章来源自USA Swimming 的官方网站[url]http://www.usaswimming.org/USASWeb/ViewMiscArticle.aspx?TabId=144&Alias=Rainbow&Lang=en&mid=196&ItemId=155[/url]
[color=Purple]PS[/color] 译文中的人名均为音译，如于官方译本有出入，还请不吝告知，我会修改。
[color=Purple]PS[/color] 如各位在疑问内容中察觉任何文法或者翻译错误，烦劳告知在下，我会尽快修改。希望这篇文章能对您游泳有所帮助。[color=White]

[[i] 本帖最后由 johnwu68 于 2007-11-17 07:38 PM 编辑 [/i]]

第六泳姿的关键点：
1、流线体位
2、爆发登壁
3、踢腿快而小幅
4、渐渐过渡至竞赛踢腿频率
5、出水及泳姿转换

[quote]原帖由 [i]2016[/i] 于 2007-11-17 11:23 AM 发表
第六泳姿的关键点：
1、流线体位
2、爆发登壁
3、踢腿快而小幅
4、渐渐过渡至竞赛踢腿频率
5、出水及泳姿转换 [/quote]
呵呵...这儿尽出领导人才! :lol[color=White]

[[i] 本帖最后由 johnwu68 于 2007-11-17 01:59 PM 编辑 [/i]]

大块石头的译文不错