查看完整版本: Backstroke Mechanics (仰泳机理)

Backstroke Mechanics (仰泳机理)

[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Backstroke Mechanics[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]仰泳机理[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]This week’s Speedo Tip of the Week is an excerpt from the September-October 2003 issue of Splash, in which Splash managing editor Jim Rusnak breaks down the mechanics of backstroke, with the help of some of USA Swimming’s top age group coaches – David Finger of Stingrays near Buffalo, N.Y.; Elyce Kastigar of Aberdeen Swim Club in Aberdeen S.D.; and Shari Skabelund of the Seals Aquatic Team in Utah.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]本周的[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Speedo[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]贴士来自于[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]2003[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]年[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]9~10[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]月[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Splash[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]杂志中节选的第二部分，这期杂志中杂志主编吉姆鲁斯奈克在一些美国年龄组最佳游泳教练[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]---[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]戴维芬格，纽约州布法罗附近的[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Stingray[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]；[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Elyce Kastigar[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，阿伯丁的阿伯丁人游泳俱乐部；还有[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Shari Skabelund[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，犹他州西尔水上俱乐部[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]---[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]的帮助下，打破了长期以来流行的仰泳的运动机理。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]All three coaches were named the American Swimming Coaches Association Age Group Coach of the Year for their Local Swimming Committees.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]这三位教练都是美国游泳教练协认定的当地游泳协会年度年龄组最佳教练。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[b][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Head Positioning[/size][/font][/b]
[b][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=blue]头部位置[/color][/size][/font][/b][b][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/b]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Just as in the freestyle, head positioning plays an important roll in the backstroke. [/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]和自由泳一样，头部的位置对于仰泳来说也是至关重要的。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Again, swimmers want their bodies to float as level on the water as possible, and the correct body position is controlled by the head. Many swimmers have a tendency to pick their heads up and look towards their feet, causing their hips to sink. This often results in their bodies being in a sitting position, which not only compromises streamlining, but also has adverse affects on their kick.[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=blue]同样的，选手们也希望在水中滑行时，他们的身体能够维持的尽可能的水平，而此时的体位应该由头部引领。很多运动员都有一个抬头（看脚的方向）的倾向，这个动作容易造成髋部位置过低。而髋部过低的结果是他们的身体看起来像坐姿，这个不仅仅直接破坏身体的流线，而且还会直接影响到他们的打水。[/color][/size][/font]

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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Ideally, swimmers want to have their heads rest in a neutral position, looking straight up at the ceiling, their ears submerged.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]理想状态是，运动员应该把他们的头部放在一个中间位置：眼睛注视垂直方向，耳朵则刚刚没入水中。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]“We really stress getting their heads deep in the water so their hips are at the surface,” Finger said.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]“我们非常希望他们能够将头没入水中深一些，这样他们的髋部能够比较好的维持在水面，”芬格说。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[b][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Hip and Shoulder Roll[/size][/font][/b]
[b][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=blue]转髋和转肩[/color][/size][/font][/b][b][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/b]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]One of the most common stroke flaws in the backstroke is swimming with the back too flat on the water, which results in a shallow catch with the hand and excess lateral movement in the rest of the body.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]仰泳运动员的一个常见的划水缺陷是背部在水中维持的位置太平直了，这样会造成手的划水位置过浅，而且身体其他部位的无效运动也会太多。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Thus, a swimmer’s shoulders and hips should rotate simultaneously from side to side with each stroke, just as in the freestyle. For example, as the swimmer’s left hand enters the water, the shoulders and hips should roll so that the body is on its left side.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]这样，运动员在进行仰泳划水时，髋部和肩部应该持续不断的转动，这个动作和自由泳的动作相同。比如：左手入水时，肩部和髋部的位置应该转在右侧。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]In the meantime, the head should remain completely still, eyes fixed on the ceiling.[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=blue]但同时，头部的位置仍然应该保持不变，眼睛向上看着屋顶！[/color][/size][/font]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt][font=Helvetica][color=blue]本文来自USA SWIMMING[/color][/font]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Backstroke Mechanics, Part 2[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]仰泳机理，第二部分[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]This week’s Speedo Tip of the Week is an Part 2 of an excerpt from the September-October 2003 issue of Splash, in which managing editor Jim Rusnak breaks down the mechanics of backstroke, with the help of some of USA Swimming’s top age group coaches – David Finger of Stingrays near Buffalo, N.Y.; Elyce Kastigar of Aberdeen Swim Club in Aberdeen S.D.; and Shari Skabelund of the Seals Aquatic Team in Utah.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]本周的[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Speedo[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]贴士来自于[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]2003[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]年[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]9~10[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]月[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Splash[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]杂志中节选的第二部分，这期杂志中杂志主编吉姆鲁斯奈克在一些美国年龄组最佳游泳教练[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]---[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]戴维芬格，纽约州布法罗附近的[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Stingray[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]；[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Elyce Kastigar[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，阿伯丁的阿伯丁人游泳俱乐部；还有[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Shari Skabelund[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，犹他州西尔水上俱乐部[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]---[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]的帮助下，打破了长期以来流行的仰泳的运动机理。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]All three coaches were named the American Swimming Coaches Association Age Group Coach of the Year for their Local Swimming Committees.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]这三位教练都是美国游泳教练协认定的当地游泳协会年度年龄组最佳教练。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[b][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]The Kick[/size][/font][/b]
[color=blue][b][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]打腿[/size][/font][/b][b][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/b][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]The backstroke kick is a steady six-beat flutter kick, with the power generating from the hips. The toes should be pointed and the knees bent only slightly on the upbeat. [/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]仰泳打腿应该是一个稳定的[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]6[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]次浅打腿，髋部发力，脚尖应该绷直，膝盖则需要在上打腿时轻微弯曲。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]“A lot of swimmers like to pause, but there should be a steady kick throughout the stroke,” Kastigar said.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]“很多运动员会出现停顿，但实际上，在整个划水过程中打腿都应该稳定，”[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Kastigar[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]说。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Watch for out for swimmers with poor body positioning, as they have a tendency to “bicycle” their kicks.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]注意观察那些体位不好的运动员，他们的打腿有一种像“划圈子”的感觉。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[b][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Stroke Cycle[/size][/font][/b]
[b][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=blue]划水循环[/color][/size][/font][/b][b][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/b]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]The stroke cycle begins in the backstroke with the hand exiting the water, arm straight in the air, shoulders and hips rotated toward the opposite side of the body. As the arm travels through the air, the shoulders and hips begin rotating towards that side, with the hand entering the water pinky first.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]划水循环起始于仰泳手离开水面，然后胳膊垂直在空中、肩部和髋部旋转到位。由于胳膊要在空中运行，那么肩部和髋部需要向这一侧转动，一直到小手指首先入水。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]“Swimmers want to avoid crossing over and reaching their arms (over their heads) past the mid-point of the body,” Finger said. “If your head is positioned at 12 o’clock, then you want your hands to enter between 11 and 12 on the right side, and 12 and 1 on the left.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]“每个运动员都希望避免胳膊在空中（手臂在身体中点和头顶位置之间）的前交叉，”芬格说：“如果你的头部在[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]12[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]点的位置，那么右手的入水位置应该在[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]11[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]点到[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]12[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]点，而左手则在[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]12[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]点到[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]1[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]点之间。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]“Otherwise, you throw your hips way out of line and see some snaking of the hips.”[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]否则，你的髋部将会偏离中线，同时你的游进方向将会呈现蛇形。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]After the swimmer's arm enters the water, the arm should gradually bend until it reaches an angle that maximizes power output – about 90 to 120 degrees. It is important that the hand always faces towards the feet, and that the elbow points towards the bottom of the pool. [/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]当胳膊入水后，手臂应该逐渐弯曲，一直到能够产生最大推进力的角度[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]----90[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]度到[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]120[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]度。有一点非常重要，那就是手心的方向一直要维持着向脚部的方向，肘弯则一直维持着向池底。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Swimmers have a tendency to drop the elbow in backstroke. That is, they let the elbow lead the hand. This should be avoided, as it decreases stroke efficiency.[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]有些人在有仰泳时有沉肘的倾向，就是他们用肘部来带动手的动作。这个动作应该避免，因为这个动作可能会降低划水效率。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]The stroke should be long and smooth, with the hands entering the water at an almost full extension of the arm and finish as the rotation of the body drives the hand through the completion of the stroke. [/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]划水应该尽量的长而且平顺，因此手在入水时需要伸展到最长的位置，划水也应该划到尽头，也就是身体转动胳膊所能达到的最大位置。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=Arial][size=10.5pt]“The backstroke is very similar to freestyle,” Kastigar said. “The only difference is that the face is looking to the ceiling.”[/size][/font]
[color=blue][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]“仰泳和自由泳很相似，”[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=10.5pt]Kastigar[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]说：“唯一的区别是仰泳需要脸部朝向屋顶！”[/size][/font][/color]
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[color=blue][size=10.5pt]本文来自USA SWIMMING[/size][/color]

两个帖子连到一起，看起来似乎好一些！

222真是善解人意。

非常好！谢谢！

[attach]13329[/attach]

点出了仰泳的诀窍，眼看屋顶，转体划行，高肘划水。 受用！

非常好,在水里折腾过一阵子后,再看看这些画龙点睛的tips,确实有醍醐灌顶的效果.
虽然,阐述的原理都类似,但不同的表达方式,确实能加深感受.

也许,这就是所谓的 "洗脑"吧.

在这样的一个夜晚，我自己一个人在一个昏暗的泳池内，想起我当初学习蝶泳的历史来：也是昏暗的泳池，我一个人，放心大胆地，没有人来挑刺。

想着Speedo贴士里面的仰泳技术要求，开始练习起仰泳。没有人指导，但也没有人笑话，很轻松。
把帖子里的技术细节好好的想想，一点一点地练习......
一个多小时过去了，居然小有成就：至少我当初最大的问题，完全没有方向感的蛇形，好了很多，10回里面倒有6~7回能够基本平直的到头----虽然是25米！
划手也有了一定的进步。
:) :) :)

[flash]http://6.cn/player.swf?flag=0&vid=0cMvYu5gefa75Be/zba8mQ[/flash]

怎么感觉我的想法总是有些放不开？其实，游泳，就不要怕别人笑话，可是我总是做不到！亏得我还是有挺多机会自己一个人实践的！:L

[flash]http://www.51swim.com/mybbs/attachments/dvbbs/UploadFile/2005-10/2005102383333184.swf[/flash]

[quote]原帖由 [i]crime222[/i] 于 2008-3-7 23:12 发表 [url=http://www.51swim.com/mybbs/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=162936&ptid=20358][img]http://www.51swim.com/mybbs/images/common/back.gif[/img][/url]
在这样的一个夜晚，我自己一个人在一个昏暗的泳池内，想起我当初学习蝶泳的历史来：也是昏暗的泳池，我一个人，放心大胆地，没有人来挑刺。

想着Speedo贴士里面的仰泳技术要求，开始练习起仰泳。没有人指导，但也 ... [/quote]

游泳需要专注，“一个人在暗池里”游，感觉妙极了！游泳，要边游边想（有时不一定是想泳技，呵呵），身心融入水中。如果乱哄哄的，很是没趣。

[quote]原帖由 [i]2016[/i] 于 2008-3-10 16:58 发表 [url=http://www.51swim.com/mybbs/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=163440&ptid=20358][img]http://www.51swim.com/mybbs/images/common/back.gif[/img][/url]


游泳需要专注，“一个人在暗池里”游，感觉妙极了！游泳，要边游边想（有时不一定是想泳技，呵呵），身心融入水中。如果乱哄哄的，很是没趣。 [/quote]

2016太有才了，只是不知道，在昏暗的泳池内，除了泳技，有什么可想的呢？旁边连一个人都没有！

有什么可想?不告诉你.;P

哦，原来是不可告人的想法。;P :P

哈，你现在终于明白一点点道儿了。:loveliness:

准确的翻译，提供准确的指导。

[[i] 本帖最后由 kaya_smile 于 2008-11-29 22:11 编辑 [/i]]